Our evidence for early Carthage, and thus for Dido, is limited. Vergil provides the earliest extant text and his work is heavily overlaid with myth and legends. Could there have been a Dido (a.k.a. Elissa, probably from the original Phoenician Elishat) who led the Phoenicians from Tyre to found the “new city” (in Phoenician, Cart Hadasht)?
Ancient history certainly points to such a possibility, as there were a number of powerful queens whom the Romans encountered (well, more they tended to come into conflict with them — the Romans did not always play nicely with their neighbors) as well as many others documented in history. Here’s a page with just a few. Pay particular attention to Cleopatra.
To learn more about these and others, you can also visit an on-line catalogue of warrior women, political leaders, and other distinguished women, alternatively some not very nice ones on Queens of Infamy, and also on one of my favorites: Rejected Princesses.